He aha te AI, he aha kāore ia, me ngā mea kāore i te mōhiotia

Raupapa: Whakahaere AI ā-Hapori — He tirohanga rangahau ki te papaanga Village (Tuhinga 1 o te 5) Kaiwhakawhiti: My Digital Sovereignty Ltd Rā: Pipiri 2026 Rāhina: CC BY 4.0 ā-Ao

Matapae Tatauranga i te Rahi

Ko te pūnaha matua o ngā tauira reo nui o nāianei (LLMs) ko te matapae tohu e whai ake nei. Mēnā ka hoatu he raupapa tohu, ka whakaputa te tauira i tētahi tohatoha tūponotanga mō ngā haere tonu pea, i runga i ngā tauira i tangohia mai i tētahi kohinga akoranga nui rawa atu — he piriona pea ngā tuhinga e hipoki ana i ngā rāngai maha, ngā reo, me ngā rēhita.

Ka whakaputa tēnei tikanga i ngā hua he whaihua i ngā wā maha: tuhinga e hono ana, whakarāpopototanga whai pūkenga, whakautu whakapono ki ngā pātai mō ngā kōrero pono, me te waehere e mahi ana. Kāore te whaihua ā-mahi e taupatupatua ana.

Ko te mea e taupatupatua ana — ā, ko te mea e hira ana mō te whakahaere — ko te āhua o te tukanga e whakaputa ana i ēnei hua, ā, nā reira, e hia te nui o te whakawhirinaki ka taea te whakanoho ki a rātou.

Mai i ngā Tauira ki ngā Āpiha: Te Pūkenga ki te Hua

Nā tētahi whanaketanga i waenga i te tau 2024 me te 2026 i whakawhiti te kaupapa whakahaere mai i te tauira ki te āpiha. He mea nui tēnei wehewehenga mō te tātaritanga. Ko te tauira (rānei te pūmotu) ko te kaiwhakapae mō te tohu e whai ake nei i whakamārama ai i runga ake nei. Ko te agent he tauira kua whakaurua ki roto i ngā anga tautoko — he mahara mau tonu, he uru ki ngā taputapu me te API, he pūtirotiro paetukutuku, he atanga rorohiko rānei — ā, e anga ana ki tētahi whāinga kua whakamāramahia i roto i te reo ā-tangata, ā, ka whai ia i taua whāinga puta noa i ngā hikoinga maha me te iti ake o te tiaki ā-tangata. Ko te AI Agent Index o te tau 2025 e whakaahua ana i tēnei hei wehenga o te kaha (ngā tauira rohe) i te hanga hua (te anga tautoko ā-agent e karapoti ana i a rātou): He nui o te panoni ohorere e kitea ana i ngā mea ka taea e te AI te tūturu, he rerekē ki ngā mea ka taea e ia te kōrero, e ahu mai ana i te anga, ehara i te hanganga tauira hou.

Ka hurihia e tēnei panoni te tūemi whakahaere i tua atu i te aronga tauine. Ka pā kino ngā hua o tētahi chatbot anake i te wā ka mahi tētahi tangata i runga i a rātou; ka taea e tētahi māngai te mahi tika ki te ao, ā, he iti ake ngā wāhi urutau. Kua tīmata ngā tuhinga ki te whakarite ā-ture i ngā raruraru kawenga ka hua ake — te āputa kawenga (Matthias, 2004), i roto i tēnei kāore e taea te whakapae tika i ngā kaiwhakahaere mō ngā whanonga o ngā pūnaha kāore rātou i whakatau i ā rātou mahi, me te moral crumple zone (Elish, 2019), i reira ka tau te kawenga ki te tangata tata rawa ahakoa he iti tōna mana whakahaere. Ko te International AI Safety Report 2026 e tohu ana anō he nui ake ngā tūraru mō te pono nā te mea ka mahi motuhake ngā kaiwhakahaere, ā, ka taea e ngā hapa i roto i ngā whirihoranga kaiwhakahaere maha te horapa, te whakapakari hoki. Mō te rangahau whakahaere, ko te take matua, mā te mana motuhake e whakawhiti te pokapū tūraru i te whakamāramatanga o ngā hua ki te whakatinanatanga o ngā mahi — he whakawhitinga kāore te whakahaere kaupapa here, e aro ana ki te arotake hua, i te tūnga pai hei whakatika.

Te Pātai Whakaaro: He Raruraru Rangahau Tūturu Tuwhera

Ko ngā whakamārama tuatahi mō ngā LLM hei "paroti tūponotanga" — arā, he pūnaha e whakaputa anō ana i ngā tauau tauanga me te kore e mārama ki te tikanga — i whakaatu i tētahi mea nui mō ngā tūāpapa o te hangarau. Heoi, i te pikinga ake o te rahi o ngā tauira, kua puta ētahi whanonga e kore e māmā te whakamārama.

Ka whakaatu ngā tauira nui i te āheinga mō te whakatau arorau maha-hipanga, te whakaaro whakatairite puta noa i ngā rāngai, me te mahi i runga i ngā raru hou e rerekē ana tō rātou hanganga ki ngā tauira whakangungu. E kī ana ētahi kairangahau he āheinga e puta ake ana ēnei — arā, he āhuatanga ka puta i te rahi nui, kāore i hangaia āta. E ai ki ētahi atu, he momo matatau o te whakaurunga tauira te whakaaro e kitea ana, ā, he rite noa ki te whakaaro i te kitenga a ngā tāngata e hiahia ana ki te whakapae he mārama.

I tēnei wā, kāore ngā taunakitanga whakamātautau e ranea ana hei whakatau i tēnei pātai. He maha ngā kitenga e whakararuraru ana i tētahi tūnga māia:

• Ka whakatau ngā tauira i ngā raruraru e hiahiatia ana te whānuitanga hanganga, ā, e tohu ana he mea atu i te tiki noa.
• Ka whakaatu hoki ngā tauira i ngā ngoikoretanga — te waihanga māia i ngā kōrero hē, te ngoikore i raro i ngā whakarerekētanga whakatumatuma, te pā ki ngā āhuatanga mata o ngā whakahau — kāore ēnei e hāngai ana ki te whakaaro pakari.
• Kāore i tino mārama ngā whakaaturanga ā-roto o ngā tauira nui. Kua tautuhia e ngā rangahau whakamārama pūnaha ngā hanganga pērā i ngā porowhita e hāngai ana ki ngā pūkenga motuhake, engari kei te tīmatanga tonu te ao rangahau nei.
• Kei te pātai tonu mēnā he whai tikanga ā-taiao te wehewehe i waenga i te "whakaaro tūturu" me te "whanonga pērā i te whakaaro", mēnā rānei ka huri hei ū ki ngā ariā whakaaro.

I puta he uauatanga anō me te whakatipuranga o ngā tau 2025–2026 o ngā tauira "whakaaroaro" rānei "whakaaro", e whakaputa ana i tētahi aho whakaaro waenga ki waho, ā, e tohatoha ana i ngā tātaitanga tāpiri i te wā whakaaro ki ngā raru uaua ake; i roto i ngā horopaki hanganga, i eke ēnei pūnaha ki te taumata mahi ōrite ki te tohu koura i te Whakataetae Pāngarau ā-Ao o te tau 2025. Kei te ora tonu te wero whakamāramatanga, ā, kāore anō kia whakatau. I pūrongo a The Illusion of Thinking a Apple (2025) kua hinga te tika āhuatanga i runga i ngā raruraru ka taea te whakawhānui, ā, i puta ētahi whakahē (hei tauira, Lawsen et al.; Dellibarda Varela et al., 2025) i whakapae i tētahi wāhanga o te pānga ki ngā hua o te aromatawai, ā, i tautuhia ēnei pūnaha hei "ehara i te kaiwhakaaro pono, ehara hoki i te kākā tūponotanga." He mea nui ake mō te whakahaere ko te tipu haere o ngā rangahau mō te kore pono o te mekameka whakaaro (Anthropic, 2025, me ngā rangahau o muri mai o te tau 2026): Ehara i te mea e whakaata ana te whakaaro ā-waho i ngā take pūtake o ngā hua a te tauira, ā, nā konei ka whakaitia ngā pūnaha aroturuki e whakawhirinaki ana ki te tirotiro i ngā whakaaro kua whakapuakina e te tauira. Ko te rārangi whakaaro kua whakaaturia he tuhinga i hangaia, ehara i te pūrere e pānui ana i tētahi tukanga ā-roto.

Mō ngā kaupapa whakahaere, ko te tikanga whaihua nei: kāore e taea te whakaponohia haumaru ka whakaaro tika te LLM, ā, kāore hoki e taea te whakakore i āna hua hei mea kāore e taea te whakawhirinaki. Kei waenganui te pūnaha i tētahi tūnga āwangawanga, ā, he whaihua ngā hua i te nuinga o te wā, he hē i ētahi wā, ā, kāore e taea te wehewehenga pono i a rātou i a rātou anō mehemea kāore he whakamana ā-waho.

Te Auahatanga me te Whakakotahitanga

He pātai e pā ana ki te mea mēnā ka taea e ngā LLM te whakaputa i ngā hua tūturu hou. Ko te kī kaha — arā, ko ngā tauira e whakaputa ana i ngā whakakotahitanga anake o ngā raraunga whakangungu — he tika i tētahi horopaki whaiti, engari he tino whakapohehe i te whānui.

Whakaarohia tētahi tauira kua ngote i ngā tuhinga mō te ariā whakahaere maha-pū, te whanonga whakahaere, me te mōhiohio hapori hei rāngai mahi motuhake. Ki te pātai tika, ka taea e ia te whakakotahi i ngā hononga puta noa i ēnei rāngai kāore anō kia mahia e tētahi kairangahau takitahi, nā te mea kāore tētahi kairangahau takitahi i whai i taua whānuitanga o te wheako. Ehara i te mea hou ngā ariā takitahi. Heoi, tērā pea he mea hou te whakakotahitanga ki tētahi kaipānui – ā, tērā pea ka tautuhi i ngā ōritenga hanganga tūturu e tika ana kia rangahauhia.

Ehara tēnei i te mea ōrite ki te āhuatanga hou o te rangahau tuatahi. Kāore te tauira e whai uru ki ngā raraunga whakamātautau kāore ia i whakangungua ki reira, kāore he āheinga hoahoa whakamātautau, ā, kāore he āheinga ki te aromātai mēnā e tū ana ngā hononga kua whakakotahitia e ia i raro i te arotakenga. He kaihanga ariā te whakakotahitanga, ehara i te kaiwhakau ariā. Engari he whai tikanga te whakaputa ariā, mēnā kāore e whakakotahitia ki te whakamana i ngā ariā.

Mō ngā kairangahau e arotake ana i ngā pūnaha AI, ko te tikanga ka whai hua pea ngā putanga a ngā LLM hei tīmatanga mō te arotake tuhinga, te torotoro whakawhānui i ngā rāngai, me te tautuhi i ngā ōrite hanganga — engari me whakamātau āta pērā i tētahi puna kāore i whakamana.

Ngā Raraunga Whakangungu hei Tirohanga Ao

Ka whakawhiwhia ia LLM ki te tohatoha tauanga o tōna koropore whakangungu. Ehara tēnei i te hē ka taea te whakatika — he āhuatanga hanganga tēnei o te hangarau.

Ka whakaputa te tauira i whakangungua nuitia ki ngā ihirangi ipurangi o te Hauāuru, e aro ana ki ngā pakihi, ā, i te reo Ingarihi, i ngā hua e whakaata ana i ngā whakapae, te anga, me ngā kaupapa matua o taua koropore. Ka tonoa kia kōrero mō ngā kaupapa kāore i nui ngā raraunga whakangungu mō reira — pērā i ngā tikanga whakahaere ā-iwi taketake, te reo karakia, te ahurea ā-waha, me te whakatau ā-hapori iti — ka huri te tauira ki ngā tauira tino rongonui ā-tauanga, kāore e whakaae ana ki te āputa.

He pānga tūturu tēnei ki ngā whakamahinga katoa i roto i tētahi horopaki hapori motuhake. Ka tonoa te tauira kia waihanga ihirangi mō tētahi rōpū rangahau e ako ana i te whakahaere hapori, ā, ka huri aunoa ki te reo whakahaere ā-pakihi — ehara i te mea nā te mea kua aromatawaihia e ia ērā atu kōwhiringa, engari nā te mea ko te reo whakahaere ā-pakihi te nuinga o ngā raraunga whakangungu. He whakakapi huna tēnei: kāore te tauira e tohu ana kei te mahi ia i waho atu i tōna rohe pūkenga.

Ko tēnei āhuatanga — ka taea te kī ko te distributional drift i roto i te horopaki whakahaere — kua tuhia whānuitia, engari kāore i tino whakatau. Ka taea e ngā tikanga pērā i te whakatikatika āta (fine-tuning), te whakaputa kōrero whakakī (retrieval-augmented generation, RAG), me te whakahau pūnaha (system prompting) te whakaiti i te pānga, engari kāore e whakakore i te raru. Ka mau tonu te hē toenga o te tauira taketake, otirā i raro i ngā pātai hou, matatini rānei, i reira he ngoikore ake te tohu whakangāwari i te tohatoha taketake.

Ngā Hua mō te Rangahau Whakahaere

Ko ngā āhuatanga i whakamārama ake nei — arā, ngā putanga whaihua engari kāore e taea te whakawhirinaki, te hē tohatoha huna, me te āheinga whakaaro kāore i te mārama — ka tautuhi ngātahi i te wero whakahaere.

He raru whakarite kounga tētahi pūnaha AI e hē ana i ētahi wā. He raru whakahaere tētahi pūnaha AI e hē ana i ētahi wā mā te whakakapi huna i tētahi anga uara mō tētahi atu. He mea nui tēnei wehewehenga nā te mea ka taea te whakatika i te tuatahi mā te tirotiro hapa, engari mō te tuarua, me whai tikanga hanganga e kitea ai te rereke o te taumata uara, ehara i te hapa ā-mōhiohio anake.

Ka whakanuia ake e te huringa ā-mahi te hiranga o tēnei wehewehenga. Ina kāore te rereketanga o te taumata uara e pā ana ki tētahi hua ka taea te arotake, engari ki tētahi mahi i whakahaerehia ā-tōtika, ka whāiti, ka kati rānei te matapihi mō te whakatikatika a te tangata; ā, e tohu ana ngā kitenga mō te kore pono o te mekameka whakaaro, kāore e taea te whakaarohia ko te whakamārama a te pūnaha anō mō te take i mahi ai hei tohu pono mō te tirotiro. Nā reira, kāore e tōtika ana i te hanganga te whakahaere e whakawhirinaki ana ki te pūrongo a te pūnaha anō. Me noho ki waho o te pūnaha te whakamana, ā, me whakatinana ki āna mahi, ehara i te mea ki āna whakamārama anake.

Koinei te raru i hangaia ai te anga * Tractatus * hei whakatau. He pātai rangahau tēnei mēnā ka angitu, ā, ka tirotirohia i ngā tuhinga e whai ake nei. Ko tā te mea ka taea te kī i konei, he tūturu te raru, kua tautuhia pai, ā, kāore i whakatutukihia i runga i te tika e ngā huarahi e hāngai ana ki ngā kaupapa here e rangatira ana i ngā kōrero whakahaere AI i tēnei wā.

Ngā Mea Kāore i te Kīia e Tēnei Tuhinga

Kāore tēnei tuhinga e kī ana kāore e taea e ngā LLM te whakaaroaro — kāore he taunakitanga e ranea ana mō taua whakatau. Ehara i te mea e kī ana ka taea e ngā LLM te whakaaroaro — kāore he taunakitanga e ranea ana mō tērā whakatau. Ehara i te mea e kī ana kāore e taea te whakatau i te hē tohatoha — engari he wāhanga noa ngā tikanga whakaiti o nāianei. Ā, ehara hoki i te mea e kī ana kāore e taea te whakahaere i te AI — engari he nui ake te hanganga o te wero whakahaere i te mea e whakaae ana te nuinga.

Ka arotake te tuhinga e whai ake nei i ngā rerekētanga hanganga motuhake i waenga i ngā tūāpapa AI ā-pakihi me ngā pūnaha AI e whakahaerehia ana e te hapori, ā, ka tātari i ngā whakawhitinga painga e pā ana.

Ko tēnei te Tuhinga 1 o ngā 5 i roto i te raupapa "Whakahaere AI ā-Hapori". Mō te hanganga hangarau katoa, tirohia Village AI — Whakahaere Mana Motuhake.

E whai ake: Papanga AI vs. AI e Whakahaerehia ana e te Hapori — He Tātaritanga Hanganga